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标题: [共享] 常见中国传统文化专用词汇英文翻译 [打印本页]

作者: LiHui    时间: 2008-9-25 08:33 AM     标题: 常见中国传统文化专用词汇英文翻译

1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)   八卦 trigram9 N5 m  `0 ?- `
  阴、阳 yin, yang) C8 f0 C( s" u$ c
  道 Dao(cf. logo)9 H6 K+ s. M2 l. [- d, O, N; R+ a$ {
  江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world)
# W; G$ X' j* m% P0 `  e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己)
; S8 D5 H4 U0 J  道 Daoism(Taoism)5 I( O# d% y1 ^, Q. `# G" u/ \5 I
  上火 excessive internal heat
0 K  p, O* Y% D* g) I2 Q3 t  儒学 Confucianism# C& s" S. ]( ^! v1 }" o
  红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology
2 L) L* d! P. U3 Z6 f5 k  世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia
; ]. o7 L! `6 p( }  开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)
1 W# @2 n3 P' X  A/ d+ R% L  大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done/ D- _* I$ G/ G$ m
  伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded
& V2 N9 S" D% g' z* n1 n3 z  不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on …
, [0 `8 ]" c" o2 E# [  合乎国情,顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people
2 |4 U7 [/ S: r  乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge
( X. a$ \7 W4 H% s2 I  铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post
' D3 E$ k* y1 @" l  v  脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty
* x/ a0 W! N% ^4 E. r3 N  治则兴,乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline# ]/ U4 ]! \7 m
  2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)
. H8 K3 K. q# a' r2 m. x" B  国庆节 National Day
: x+ ]! T" z% W( i/ s  中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival
% m. Y7 a1 C# j: T: |+ i  春节 Spring Festival
' F+ Q  ]# W& n, x& n; i  元宵节 Lantern Festival
: K3 p4 b9 ]6 L6 S/ p- m+ E  儿童节 Children’s Day6 [; f2 p. q. |  f  u, b
  端午节 Dragon Boat Festival/ s  c; X1 m9 s
  妇女节 Women’s Day
. ]* u9 G- c" K9 W$ d  泼水节 Water-Splashing Day
' l8 X, X+ ~1 Y6 ]) a$ \, C4 H7 X  教师节 Teachers’ Day( }" q( ], ~0 x/ q
  五四青年节 Youth Day6 x% D! A* ~* ~, r5 O- o1 p3 W& H4 M, u
  3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)
; W0 [( e0 y1 c  W  馄饨 wonton
5 N6 A1 E) I4 b$ N. o/ z; F  锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)" T2 p0 E% W' ^( U% _
  花卷 steamed twisted rolls
/ e: G( u; E& ?, {" i( w, [! j  套餐 set meal8 o1 Q0 x+ T$ N. l9 }3 e
  盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away
4 |4 Z  f/ H4 p; U! n# B  米豆腐 rice tofu2 C: |1 g8 v- H7 S
  魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu
3 d4 G6 X' u& T  米粉 rice noodles
- X9 e2 z& O& u! _1 R  冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)
) n" x# x; i2 {) J$ _  火锅 chafing dish
( V2 V7 K7 Y( [' W  八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding4 N) M/ ?8 d/ L- l, u( f
  粉丝 glass noodles1 `" _  z2 r0 E6 z
  豆腐脑 jellied bean curd( M1 }* y. g6 w' f7 K
  4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)
2 w' [5 g/ ?) m/ k2 s4 c  中国 电信 China Telecom/ c7 C' N* Y% F7 z& c' U
  中国 移动 China Mobile
" s0 |4 |6 G9 }: o  十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan: f1 B9 ^, ^7 C$ v
  中国电脑联网 Chinanet
" t7 W( ~  G" W  三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project, w" S7 r! E# C7 q
  希望工程 Project Hope$ j! C+ D# S( Q8 \) i8 w
  京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway" S4 ~! K4 ?$ ?1 h, e: k( M
  扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project
/ _1 B8 O4 t  l9 {$ G; X  菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project/ X% v! n2 x# V) u% U( x
  温饱工程 Decent-Life Project5 x" L6 R- M( m" G! w; E$ w
  安居工程 Economy Housing Project. C6 U, f; ^8 H5 b# L2 Z. k$ n
  扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign
  M# L+ a! ?- H- S+ A  西部大开发 Go-West Campaign
作者: LiHui    时间: 2008-9-25 08:33 AM

5 、特有的一些汉语词汇
8 q8 q- u7 n3 H' w* [. ?4 W; ]8 f) R5 N' b& O, {
  禅宗 Zen Buddhism
0 @2 y+ R+ s2 v; t$ H
  B) l% O" Y; i  禅 dhyana; dhgaya
- @# A1 x6 i5 a& R$ ]4 [# A. T. ^' y+ r! H- k0 O
  混沌 chaos
  [, O( _+ A6 \5 w2 [9 _7 \$ ~1 @$ k  z6 e  r! j
  道 Daosim, the way and its power
7 r7 a7 g9 X3 B. Q0 \" H2 |5 J! h7 N  B3 [7 {
  四谛 Four Noble Truth! y2 a( c. z" A# b8 j/ @( |

. Q* n3 h. H9 l( J  八正道 Eightfold Path
6 ?- q9 l" c) \& S
/ ]4 t5 C7 |- q0 j  无常 anity
) W  z& V" w% U. O$ ^8 I& t$ e( l8 u4 e% r* T* O
  五行说 Theory of Five Elements
9 q8 d9 P: Z; o- u- t8 l5 a$ n+ y/ @1 O5 a7 R) @
  无我 anatman4 D4 z% m8 `% ^1 Q8 l
$ l  A! c7 M# D% f; O8 {# ?5 x
  坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation
9 ~! @+ _! {3 m! a' X+ H* U; F4 L' d; d3 ~+ m
  空 sunyata
, @) u3 a5 }2 o* Y- u3 `% _% H3 o8 w
  虚无 nothingness, ~6 E3 X% V7 G; Q( u9 J

6 }8 ^" X/ V! m* m  双喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英)
, f4 o& M8 p7 [. O) S6 t2 N+ M( k7 {) [1 _* Z
  小品 witty skits
6 C$ B" f& Q9 B4 L. I+ e# p7 l
# T9 Y9 ?, t  @: o- R  相声 cross-talk* ~' A7 N. A9 Z& v6 `7 {8 {* I/ k
' }! w  a% g. X( C3 X
  噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt/ I7 w7 u( s5 ?
  i" g- ~( b* Q" U3 W5 l9 K$ n
  夜猫子 night people; night-owls; L7 w% S( X! N' P. s

1 b' o! @( i! \: e  本命年 this animal year of sb.
. J& l/ R3 C' j+ ?- w4 x" {* C' ]! l8 f7 Q& F* G( [4 T* f
  处世之道 philosophy of life
5 m( U# m7 r5 P) F( c8 r3 I# `% {$ n8 ]7 s; i2 a
  姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)  @( z7 F9 k; S4 y( B  `

* Z  G- }) s5 C9 }$ S+ c3 ~7 ]& T9 {  还愿 redeem a wish (vows)* A9 O9 T* O% F" s1 E' y1 j
2 ^9 d2 J% h& s* x0 J; y
  6 、具有文化特色的现代表述
, `6 ~& {7 U* @  G  y2 Z" S& f9 c/ n8 X7 K. j0 x
  大陆中国 Mainland China6 D: m: g. L  y* M+ y
1 m6 j, L3 [" H4 y
  红宝书 little red book6 T+ U6 z) Q7 N; i' z1 C7 e" B
* R- h$ [6 ^3 A# M/ z
  红色中国 socialist China
5 @+ c3 n. z4 O3 _; G  i' m
9 O! B: W$ `4 U" J' t2 S- g- M  四化 Four Modernizations' f8 g# ?5 i* I3 s. q# m$ [

4 [- E/ N6 I% i' J) j+ ~) T2 M  终生职业 job-for-life
0 `2 ]0 W9 b3 j# V  \8 T7 E5 X4 ^% B" m% s" r6 M- `
  铁饭碗 iron rice bowl& u# }) m4 n' T6 ~6 o

# Z! |4 g8 z: l! G' L: w  大锅饭 communal pot
' w  e. w* I  F: V  L
0 l1 Q( t* I! f  关系户 closely-related units
! J+ g! x  E3 ]" d) V4 G/ n  Q( M8 D: w. j3 t
  外出打工人员 migrant workers; d: K4 _9 h7 O
0 N9 L/ D* C8 _3 a! {/ ~
  关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild' a: R# J: s8 @5 R' t/ H7 P! M
( S# I& e+ X0 l  u6 R7 J5 L" K
  五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals
- v% C( r# }( W5 d* C( j- `! r* B1 \1 O
  四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment
. b# H8 t: x4 p) w$ J; `3 I' {: P  K9 ]" G) w
  7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)
# P( B) z1 R3 z9 I* g- m7 u* H  [
9 N/ I# h4 Q' f. P4 g" Q; I! K' @  宣纸 rice paper+ T  N, ]6 `0 E/ ?

  O6 t! ^( }: m, }) [  衙门 yamen5 W0 ]* m: s7 N* f
% g* @6 ^, I8 c3 L
  叩头 kowtow0 ?3 j4 _  S, `5 _+ v" X/ b

* y0 D5 X" v3 ^; Z  [  孔子Confucius
4 L( a9 ~6 d! A; B7 ~
$ _! o/ ]: \7 J* U3 A- S  牌楼 pailou;pai-loo
3 E/ n7 g& F; n0 {' s/ Z  ?$ \7 V  x
  武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)
9 y& k$ D7 T  F# |) \
6 c$ P3 j! [3 i  p; {8 T+ K  功夫 kungfu ;kung fu
$ V; D# T& a; [: ^& ?2 R
/ Y0 I2 o- X$ t! y, n9 i7 @+ F  中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)
- f& E& R& A/ v4 c& x+ @+ e0 M4 d8 C+ q$ h
  中和 harmony (zhonghe)% l" Y( q: m! X' z9 {

, |) S+ }' A$ Y! o2 k1 _  孝顺 to show filial obedience/ U- `4 `9 E' Q) k+ v* J  x2 B. s

' z  b' G: g3 P5 E2 L2 R# ]  孝子 dutiful son! h# [9 n$ I2 l0 w4 e1 V

+ _3 a/ c. ^0 J- Q. y  家长 family head
( @6 b2 O$ g- M2 A- ?5 \8 H) U3 g- l3 K
  三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife
1 H7 W9 z1 w, z: _' A$ m
2 _$ r; |* U1 j* {0 c# h6 I4 E" b( h  五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity- Q  c% p/ \1 G% o
7 W% Y7 y5 {& X& U" J$ z; ^
  八股文 eight-legged essays
, t, z3 J9 r* f4 Q  O* N
# Q' }6 U! l' Z( U  多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness
5 [& P- V% L2 ?! u5 ]7 }: l! ^$ I! N" I7 ^  Q; S6 u0 U
  养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age
0 m# g: |- z/ I9 i4 P1 k4 Z
' Z9 u5 r2 [  Y1 b6 J  8、近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译0 v* u; S$ d- F* a- g5 F& k( \7 y  A
* U6 K) ^/ X% s* p
  基层监督 grass-roots supervision- [( @8 r3 W9 w; L$ r9 ?8 M
: S) V8 m6 H- ^8 @
  基础税率 base tariff level
0 [; G( x. F" Q' f1 n9 m  Y' v4 d2 q; j6 F. n$ \
  婚介所 matrimonial agency
# `- T0 ]8 c& {1 [! g
, v- C+ k; V4 s. B! |5 t4 u) M8 W  婚外恋 extramarital love
& M) s6 k6 j: z9 A
' M/ D  J# y9 E' j" I" L  婚纱摄影 bride photo- Z- x/ M- I4 ?! l. |9 z6 [9 D* r

! F; {# Z3 I3 M' l5 m  黑心棉 shoddy cotton* u* E" c" C3 n, f. \  z( d

, D' g. t1 P  ^, T4 z  机器阅卷 machine scoring* H  d2 J6 L5 X# H2 [
9 A( ^, G8 I! |0 s6 P  a0 D
  即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery: ^, b# {! Y6 ]6 p% M

! u* j, m/ C% _5 |8 L' |6 @  集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development
# ?+ f! Y* f  h+ y  w3 E6 k. t, y4 t: X3 ^
  价格听证会 public price hearings" {% ~& l$ z5 F4 D$ J
! s& b( b/ V1 ~: \9 K" r; o
  甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team' J& d& H6 p3 L( B

& k/ X5 y+ }5 u1 s5 j. ^' w) w  家政服务 household management service
: |4 t9 f7 o; n
! v& {& A+ Y. @  加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion8 E4 K8 [8 b  N  Z
+ K9 Q" Z  K- U% Q7 k" v; B
  假帐 accounting fraud
$ V' e0 S* ~& {4 H3 Y. V. x+ l* u1 }* t2 v5 w$ s+ k
  叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel
& T6 j4 r! v! t  u* D; U/ c
$ ?7 e& T6 X4 I+ \! h- a# w  矫情 use lame arguments
+ O3 h- ?8 b8 B9 ~& n! f6 ?$ x1 O  c/ e: b& l' y
  渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence
/ H. D. _% F. t! H% i  v8 N. H  I4 x, ~' Z, H# p# ?
  借调 temporarily transfer
; z6 k1 b, y) e; p3 B* W2 r( N) n8 M: g* d
  扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.- Q! K4 H  ?' P& Q" V) U

5 T* G* \' J+ `- Y; _  扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption' s8 e* {* h# b8 ~3 w6 M3 A, v  ~
. ]9 M5 _. x$ u' v- }
本文选自《北外网院》的博客
作者: tily.168    时间: 2008-9-26 12:34 PM

呵呵,典型的中國式英語




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